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Academic Development:  Journal Articles

Kaschub, M. (1997) Exercising the musical imagination. Music Educators Journal, 84, 26-32.

Synopsis

Michele Kaschub, the author of this article, discusses creative thinking in the music classroom in two basic contexts:  in relation to listening exercises and as it applies to composing activities.  Creative thinking is described here as a combination of divergent and convergent thought, wherein divergent thinking is basically brainstorming ideas and convergent thinking is putting those thoughts together into some sort of cohesive pattern.  The author explores some steps for creating meaningful listening exercises, such as the use of imitation, the selection of features to focus upon, using “high-quality” music selections, the formulation of appropriate questions, assessment and the opportunity for personal enjoyment.  Several exercises relative to composing are given in detail.  A specific listening exercise using an excerpt from Handel’s “Messiah” is also given.

Critique

I have mixed feelings about this article.  The outline for creating meaningful listening exercises is very relevant to the Music Memory program I have been working on this year, since its main focus is on the type of listening activities that program employs.  While I did utilize many of the techniques described here, re-reading this article helped me to have an overall vision of the process, which will be helpful as I plan for next year.  It is likely that my lessons next year will become small parts of a larger whole, rather than the disjointed fragments that they are presently.

 

I also feel that this article is an excellent starting point for a new teacher because it gives an easily digestible, coherent, step-by-step process to follow for creating valuable listening activities.  The only aspect of the listening portion that I might take issue with is the discussion on what qualifies as “high-quality” music versus “low-quality” music.  I think that sort of reasoning is dangerous to get into, particularly with school-age children, because they see things from a rather black and white sort of perspective.  Just like it is problematic to label children, although due to the human condition it is often inevitable, it is also tricky to label music in that way.  Rather than judging as high or low quality, I tend to focus more on the subjective attitude that “beauty is in the ear of the beholder” in order to keep the minds of my students as open to different kinds of music as possible.

 

As for the composition exercises, many of them seem far too complex for elementary age children, still they are not without merit.  I think I’d like to try exploring some of these ideas in my performance groups next year, even the ones that seem impossible, like the “vocaphone exercise.”  This activity uses nine students, one who conducts and the others sing one note in a scale.  While I can’t imagine that this would really work, I think trying it once might still have some value and in practice we might be able to explore a bit and modify the lesson into something that will result in the students feeling successful.  As it is written, I don’t think my students would be able to accomplish such a complex activity.  However, I think sometimes it’s good to take risks and try something outrageous just to see what happens.  Often times the end result of that is quite meaningful in a way that wasn’t anticipated. 

 

Some of the other exercises will be helpful to me next year as well, because I would like to utilize my school’s resources more and get out the Orff instruments for some composing exercises.  This article, in conjunction with the Wiggins article, will allow me to set up a framework for my students, while still being cognizant of keeping them open creatively.  I look forward to finding a balance between giving them structure and allowing them to explore.